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Symbol Standart P&ID

    Symbol Standarisation P&ID For Industri Standard piping and instrument symbols are detailed diagrammatic documentation that provides a set of forms & standards for documenting P&IDs and PFDs, including standard shapes for instruments, valves, pumps, heat exchangers, mixers, crushers, vessels, compressors, filters, motors and other connection forms. Here are some symbols on P&ID : So, those are some of the symbols that we will often see when reading piping & instrument diagrams. May be useful.
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AC Current And DC Current

Knowing AC Current & DC Current

1. AC Current

AC current or alternating current is an alternating current in which electrons move back and forth (not in the same direction). If we visualize then the electron will move forward to a point and then return to the previous point after that it moves backwards and returns to its starting point.

AC current voltage for home and industry has 2 types of voltage, 1 phase & 3 phase. 1 phase voltage has 1 phase flow and 1 neutral flow, while 3 phase voltage has 3 phase flows (R, S, T) and 1 neutral, neutral flow.


AC Current

AC current forms a sine wave where the voltage or current moves to its peak and then drops down to the negative area and then back again, because the electrons move back and forth then there is a time when the electrons are at the 0 volt point. If in the example with a light bulb, the voltage will rise to its peak and the bulb will light up to a maximum then the voltage will drop to a point of 0 volts and the lamp will turn off, then the voltage will drop to the lower peak and the lamp will turn on again, and the lamp will turn off again when the voltage is over. back to point 0 volts .

The process of turning the lights on and off takes place so fast, for a frequency of 50 Hz, then the above process takes place 50 times in 1 second, our eyes cannot catch the process, our eyes can only see the light is on.

AC current is widely used for household devices such as fans, electric pumps etc.

2. DC Current

DC current or direct current is direct current where the flow of electrons moves in one direction, DC current has 2 poles, namely the negative pole (-) and the positive pole (+), electrons move from the negative pole to the positive pole.


DC Current

DC current forms parallel waves, if visualized with a light bulb, the bulb will continue to burn because of the unidirectional movement of electrons. DC current is used for electronic devices such as televisions, computers etc.

AC and DC currents have their respective advantages and disadvantages, AC current can be converted into DC current, and vice versa.

To convert AC current to DC current we need a rectifier or rectifier, while to convert DC current to AC current we need an inverter or motor generator.

Thus a brief discussion of AC current and DC current, may be useful, yes.

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