Engineering & Autocad Solution

    Symbol Standarisation P&ID For Industri Standard piping and instrument symbols are detailed diagrammatic documentation that provides a set of forms & standards for documenting P&IDs and PFDs, including standard shapes for instruments, valves, pumps, heat exchangers, mixers, crushers, vessels, compressors, filters, motors and other connection forms. Here are some symbols on P&ID : So, those are some of the symbols that we will often see when reading piping & instrument diagrams. May be useful.

Genset Heating Standard Procedure Genset is one of the equipment that functions to convert mechanical energy or rotation of the rotor into electrical energy. The generator has two main parts, namely the motor generator and the generator engine (usually a diesel engine), both of which are connected by a shaft. The generator itself has two main parts, namely the rotor and stator. The stator is the stationary part, while the rotor is the rotating part. This generator works when the genset control panel receives input if the power source from PLN dies, then the PLC or ATS (automatic transfer switch) will give an order to the genset control panel to turn on the generator, this is done automatically. What if the generator has to be turned on manually, for example when heating the generator? Genset as one of the supporting utility facilities of a building must of course be maintained regularly, one of which is heating the generator as one of the genset maintenance procedures. To warm up the g...

Maintenance In the engineering we are certainly no stranger to this term, yes maintenance. Maintenance can be applied both in the industrial world (to maintain production machines and building utilities), construction (to maintain construction equipment) or even in household appliances. No machine or tool can work for a long time without proper maintenance. Well, in an industry, maintaining machines in good condition is very important. So what types of maintenance are there in an industry? And why is maintenance so important? Maintenance Definition Maintenance can be interpreted as the work of maintaining something (machine etc.) so that it is in good condition. As for maintenance or maintenance in industry is the practice of keeping equipment and machinery in good working condition for. Maintenance can produce a quality product. The purpose of industrial maintenance is to increase the life of industrial equipment, keep all plant assets in good condition at the lowest possible cost. In...

Metal Classification Metal is one of the most abundant materials on earth. The need for metal is very high, especially in the industrial sector, especially the automotive industry and of course the construction world. On this occasion I will discuss a little about metals, ranging from classification etc. Metal Metals are divided into two main categories, ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals. 1. Ferrous metal is a metal containing the element iron (Fe), for example iron and steel. 2. Non-ferrous metals are metals that do not contain iron (Fe), for example aluminum, copper, gold, silver, tin, bronze etc. Between ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals are distinguished by their composition. For ferrous metals, we usually call them metal, for ferrous metals, namely iron and steel, they are divided into several types, among others. Iron Iron or can be called cast iron is divided into several types: 1. Grey iron 2. Malleable iron 3. Ductile iron 5. Compacted graphite iron 6. Austempered duct...

Compressor Compressor is one of the mechanical equipment that serves to increase the pressure of the air by reducing its volume. The way the compressor works is almost the same as a pump, both of which function to increase the pressure of a fluid, only if the pump functions to flow fluid in the form of a liquid, while the compressor functions to drain the fluid in the form of a gas. Both flow fluids in a compressed pipe system. Because the gas or gas has compressible properties, the compressor compresses the air by reducing the volume of the air. Compressor Type 1. Reciprocating Compressor Reciprocating compressors use pistons that move back and forth to compress or compress air, this piston functions to suck air from the atmosphere through the suction valve and press it into the pressure valve. This piston is driven by a crankshaft or shaft, this shaft is connected to the driving engine, usually an electric motor or diesel engine, between the driving engine and the piston shaft connec...

Temperatur Transmitter As instrument engineers, we are already familiar with this one device, yes, the temperature transmitter. What is a temperature transmitter? A temperature transmitter is a device used to monitor temperature, usually in a stream or enclosed space. The way it works is by sending a temperature measurement signal from the sensor to be sent to the temperature control or temperature indicator. The signal from the sensor is converted by the controller at the transmitter into a 4020 mA signal. This signal will be sent to the I/O or PLC for further processing. There are 2 types of temperature sensors, including: 1. RTD RTD or resistence temperatur detector works based on the resistance of the material that changes with temperature. An example of a device is the PT100. PT100 is an RTD made of platinum with a reference of 100 ohns = 0 degrees Celsius. 2. TC TC or thermocouple works based on 2 pieces of conductor wire of different materials whose ends are joined together. The...

Types and Kinds of Electric Welding Machines Welding is a method of joining metal materials by heating the metal until it reaches the melting temperature of the material and then it is desired and becomes one part. In carrying out this process, you can use added ingredients or fillers or it can also be without added ingredients. There are various kinds and types of electric welding machines, in this post we will discuss them one by one. 1. MMA MMA stands for manual metal arc or often also called stick welding. We often encounter this type of welding machine in general, usually welding workshops on the roadside use a lot of this type of welding machine. This welding machine uses a welding wire or electrode in the form of a stick. This type of welding machine is a type of welding machine that uses a transformer and inverter to convert the AC input voltage into DC voltage. This DC voltage will be used to carry out the welding process. The way this welding machine works is by colliding pos...

Geothermal energy is one of the renewable energy sources because the amount is very large and will not run out. Indonesia is lucky to have many geothermal sources because Indonesia is traversed by a ring of fire where there are many volcanoes along the ring of fire and of course it can be a benchmark for how many geothermal sources there are. Geothermal sources that will be used to become geothermal power plan, what is geothermal power plan? Geothermal Power Plan Geothermal power plant, this plant utilizes geothermal energy as a source of energy. The working concept is almost the same as a boiler, only the heat source comes from geothermal, not from burning coal. The working concept is like a kettle, it's just that the kettle referred to here is the layer of soil below the earth's surface. Geothermal uses geothermal resources, this heat comes from melted rock in the earth or called magma, this magma is usually in an inactive volcanic area. Magma lies deep below the earth's ...

Plambing System The plumbing system is a system of supplying or dispensing water to the places we want without any disturbance or pollution of the areas it flows through and can meet the needs of the occupants of a building in terms of water problems. Types of plumbing equipment include: - Clean water provider - Hot water provider - Disposal of dirty water - Rainwater disposal - As well as other equipment related to piping. Material requirements or plumbing materials: - Does not pose a health hazard - Does not cause eye irritation - Does not cause radiation interference - Does not interfere with or damage other systems in the build. Let's discuss one by one this plumbing system. 1. Clean Water Supply Systemv This clean water is used to support activities within the building itself, including bathing, washing, cooking, etc. There are various sources of clean water, one of which is underground water and water sources from PDAM or clean water supply and distribution companies. Clean W...

In combustion engines for 2-wheeled vehicles or motorcycles, there are 2 types of fuel and air mixing systems, namely the carburetor system and the injection system. The second aims to mix fuel and air with the right ratio. Carburetor The carburetor uses a low-pressure airflow generated by the movement of the piston on the intake stroke. Carburetors only depend on piston movement to mix fuel and air, the faster the piston movement, the faster the air flow in the venturi carburetor, the lower the pressure on the venturi and the easier it is for fuel to move to the venturi. The fuel mixture ratio does not change at each RPM as long as the carburetor is not adjusted. Injection System Meanwhile for the injection system, the amount of fuel that is mixed is already regulated by the ECU or electronic control unit, where the amount of fuel that is sprayed by the injectors is regulated by the ECU taking into account various inputs from sensors, these sensors include throttle sensor opening or g...

Turbo Before starting to discuss how the turbo works, it's a good idea to first learn how the engine or combustion engine works. I have discussed the discussion about the combustion engine in the previous post, so it's a good idea to learn a little about the combustion engine first. You can see a discussion about the combustion engine at the following link : https://cadnewbie.blogspot.com/2022/05/konsep-dasar-motor-bakar.html Motor fuel requires gasoline or fuel, oxygen and also heat or lighters to burn, the more gasoline that is burned, the bigger the explosion that is produced and the greater the energy released. But to burn a lot of gasoline we also need a lot of oxygen, we automatically need a lot of air, otherwise the gasoline that enters the combustion chamber will not burn perfectly. The solution is to increase the size of the engine, so that more air will enter, but the larger the size of the engine, the heavier the engine will be and of course it will take up a lot of ...

Pascal's Law What is Pascal's law? Pascal's law states that the pressure exerted on an enclosed space is equal in all directions. One of Pascal's laws is a hydraulic jack. Hydraulic jack The hydraulic jack has 2 sections, 1 large section and 1 small section, the small section is called the large section of the output section. These hydraulic jacks are filled with a liquid, usually oil. If we apply a force on a small surface cross section or input then the liquid will get pressure with the formula: P1 = F1/A1 Des : P = Pressure (N/m² )          F = Power style (N)          A = Cross-sectional area (m²) Then the pressure will be facing in all directions, to the wall and to the large section or output section. If the force from surface 1 is continued to surface 2 then the pressure will cause a force on surface 2, namely: P2 = F2 / A2 Des : P = Pressure (N/m²  )          F = Power style (N)      ...

Have we ever thought about how the fuel is converted into power?, Actually the engine does not necessarily convert fuel or chemical energy into energy or kinetic energy directly, but the engine converts chemical energy in the fuel into heat energy through combustion first and then converted into kinetic energy or motion. Generally, the engine in today's vehicles uses an internal combustion engine or internal combustion engine. Before getting to know more about internal combustion engines, let's first learn about combustion engines. Fuel Motor Motor combustion is a mechanism / construction that converts heat energy from combustion into motion (kinetic) energy. Broadly speaking, the combustion engine is divided into 2, namely internal combustion engines and external combustion engines. The types of internal combustion engines or internal combustion engines are: Piston engine (2 & 4 stroke) Wankle machine or rotary machine Jet engines, etc The types of external combustion engi...