Symbol Standarisation P&ID For Industri Standard piping and instrument symbols are detailed diagrammatic documentation that provides a set of forms & standards for documenting P&IDs and PFDs, including standard shapes for instruments, valves, pumps, heat exchangers, mixers, crushers, vessels, compressors, filters, motors and other connection forms. Here are some symbols on P&ID : So, those are some of the symbols that we will often see when reading piping & instrument diagrams. May be useful.
Pascal's Law
What is Pascal's law?
Pascal's law states that the pressure exerted on an enclosed space is equal in all directions.
One of Pascal's laws is a hydraulic jack.
Hydraulic jack
The hydraulic jack has 2 sections, 1 large section and 1 small section, the small section is called the large section of the output section. These hydraulic jacks are filled with a liquid, usually oil.
If we apply a force on a small surface cross section or input then the liquid will get pressure with the formula:
P1 = F1/A1
Des : P = Pressure (N/m² )
F = Power style (N)
A = Cross-sectional area (m²)
Then the pressure will be facing in all directions, to the wall and to the large section or output section. If the force from surface 1 is continued to surface 2 then the pressure will cause a force on surface 2, namely:
P2 = F2 / A2
Des : P = Pressure (N/m² )
F = Power style (N)
A = Cross-sectional area (m²)
As a result of this pressure, a large cross-section will be able to lift objects that are above its surface. So when pressure is applied to a small surface (A1), the same pressure will be received by a large cross-section (A2).
P1 = P2
Or
F1 / A1 = F2 / A2
Problems example :
A hydraulic pump has an input cross-sectional diameter of 4 cm and an output cross-sectional diameter of 80 cm. If the input force is 50 N then what is the force produced from the output cross section?
Is known :
A1 = 3,14 x 4 ² = 50,24cm²= 0,005024 m²
A2 = 3,14 x 80 ² = 20096 cm² = 2.0096 m²
F1 = 50 N
Asked :
F2 = ... ?
Answer :
P1 = P2
F1 / A1 = F2 / A2
50 / F2 = 1 / 400
F2 = 50 / 0,0025
F2 = 20000 N
Pascal's name itself is taken from the name of a famous physicist from France named Blaise Pascal.
Thus the discussion of Pascal's law, may be useful.
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