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Symbol Standart P&ID

    Symbol Standarisation P&ID For Industri Standard piping and instrument symbols are detailed diagrammatic documentation that provides a set of forms & standards for documenting P&IDs and PFDs, including standard shapes for instruments, valves, pumps, heat exchangers, mixers, crushers, vessels, compressors, filters, motors and other connection forms. Here are some symbols on P&ID : So, those are some of the symbols that we will often see when reading piping & instrument diagrams. May be useful.
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Pascal's Law

Pascal's Law

What is Pascal's law?

Pascal's law states that the pressure exerted on an enclosed space is equal in all directions.

One of Pascal's laws is a hydraulic jack.
Hydraulic jack

The hydraulic jack has 2 sections, 1 large section and 1 small section, the small section is called the large section of the output section. These hydraulic jacks are filled with a liquid, usually oil.

If we apply a force on a small surface cross section or input then the liquid will get pressure with the formula:

P1 = F1/A1

Des : P = Pressure (N/m² )
         F = Power style (N)
         A = Cross-sectional area (m²)

Then the pressure will be facing in all directions, to the wall and to the large section or output section. If the force from surface 1 is continued to surface 2 then the pressure will cause a force on surface 2, namely:

P2 = F2 / A2

Des : P = Pressure (N/m² )
         F = Power style (N)
         A = Cross-sectional area (m²)

As a result of this pressure, a large cross-section will be able to lift objects that are above its surface. So when pressure is applied to a small surface (A1), the same pressure will be received by a large cross-section (A2).

P1 = P2

Or

F1 / A1 = F2 / A2

Problems example :

A hydraulic pump has an input cross-sectional diameter of 4 cm and an output cross-sectional diameter of 80 cm. If the input force is 50 N then what is the force produced from the output cross section?

Is known :
A1 = 3,14 x 4 ² = 50,24cm²= 0,005024 m²
A2 = 3,14 x 80 ² = 20096  cm² = 2.0096  m²
F1 = 50 N

Asked :
F2 = ... ?

Answer :

P1 = P2
F1 / A1 = F2 / A2
50 / F2 = 1 / 400
F2 = 50 / 0,0025
F2 = 20000 N

Pascal's name itself is taken from the name of a famous physicist from France named Blaise Pascal.

Thus the discussion of Pascal's law, may be useful.
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